Abdullah El-Faouly is the MCU version of Abdul Faoul, known in the Marvel comics as the Egyptian archaeologist and superhero the Scarlet Scarab.
If the viewer pauses at 12 minutes 1 second, there is a QR code beside one of the doors ("FLOOR MAP, WEST WING, BEDROOM") in the mental hospital that when scanned, links to a free Moon Knight comic at the official Marvel Unlimited website.
Taweret, whose name means "Great Female," is the ferocious protector of women and children, particularly during childbirth when she is believed to fight off malevolent spirits that would attack the mother and child at their most vulnerable. Taweret has the head and body of a hippopotamus with human hair, the legs of a lion, and the back and tail of a crocodile, all animals that were both feared and respected in ancient Egypt and all animals that are fiercely protective of their young. Taweret was once feared as the "Mistress of the Horizon" who guarded the Northern sky, which was thought to be dark and possibly dangerous. With her demon husband banished during the day, she was believed to represent all evil in the daytime. But over time her fearsome nature began to be seen as protective rather than threatening. The Book of the Dead says Taweret both guards the paths that lead to the underworld and uses her magic to help those who travel the dangerous route.
The Duat is the underworld (literally under the world) where the god Ra (the sun) travels at night before rising again each morning and the place the dead must travel through to reach the place of judgment, the Hall of Truth. There are many trials and obstacles, like lakes of fire, demonic serpents and sometimes the gods themselves, that must be passed to reach the Hall of Truth where the heart of the deceased will be weighed against the feather of Ma'at, goddess of Truth and Justice, and the fate of the soul will be determined. If the soul is killed on the journey, they are truly dead, and their chance at eternal life is gone. If the heart weighs more than the feather, it is guilty and the soul is eaten by Ammit, destroying them completely. If the scales balance, the soul is pure and permitted to enter the afterlife where they will live for eternity in the Kingdom of Osiris.
The basic concept for this came from the comic "Moon Knight (2016) #1," published on April 13, 2016, where Marc Spector wakes up as a patient in a mental hospital and is told by Dr. Emmett that he was never Moon Knight and that he created everything in his head.